KH,- Jaman Gaber merupakan masa sulit makan yang terjadi di Kabupaten Gunungkidul pada tahun 1963. Bagi warga Gunungkidul yang pada tahun itu sudah cukup umur, merasakan sulitnya pangan tidak akan pernah terlupakan. Saya sendiri salah satu warga asli Gunungkidul, saat itu berumur 12 tahun, masih di Sekolah Dasar kelas 6. Beras tidak ada di pasar, dan masyarakat tidak mampu membeli beras.
Gaber adalah ampas tepung tapioka atau bungkil ketela pohon yang dikeringkan. Sekarang gaber dipakai untuk campuran makanan ternak. Gaber menjadi bahan pangan pokok saat terjadi krisis pangan di Kabupaten Gunungkidul pada tahun 1963, sehingga dikenal Jaman Gaber.
Mengapa Terjadi Jaman Gaber?
Posisi Indonesia dalam hal pangan sudah sangat memprihatinkan. Laju penyediaan pangan utama tidak bisa mengimbangi laju pertumbuhan penduduk. Besar dan macam jumlah impor pangan sudah memasuki ke dalam fase mendekati kehilangan kedaulatan pangan. Bahkan beberapa referensi mengatakan, ibarat penyakit kondisinya sudah memasuki stadium empat.
Kebanyakan orang sepertinya tidak pernah merasakan, bagaimana memproduksi bahan pangan itu sesungguhnya memerlukan proses panjang. Kebijakan pangan harga murah sesungguhnya mempunyai implikasi negatif pada masyarakat banyak, yang terkesan tidak menghargai proses produksi pangan.
Untuk generasi sekarang yang tidak pernah mengalami jaman gaber, mungkin tidak pernah merasakan makan gaber dan bulgur. Gaber adalah ampas tepung tapioka atau bungkil ketela pohon yang dikeringkan. Bulgur berasal dari jagung kering yang di pecah-pecah kecil. Bulgur merupakan bantuan Amerika saat krisis pangan di Gunungkidul. Di Amerika bulgur untuk makanan ternak.
Gambaran Kondisi Saat Jaman Gaber
Saat jaman gaber, terjadi fenomena yang sangat menyentuh hati. Beras menjadi barang sangat langka dan susah didapat. Banyak orang tidak bisa membeli beras karena kalau ada harganya mahal sekali.
Orang-orang desa yang kekurangan pangan pada pergi ke kota Wonosari, ibukota Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Mereka mencari kerja buat bisa makan. Karena peluang kerja juga susah, sebagian juga karena sudah tidak punya apa-apa lagi.
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